Choline
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Classified as a member of the water-soluble B-complex vitamin group; the precursor to and a component of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine; also a part of phosphatydlcholine and as such, choline functions in the metabolism of fat and the transport of fat from the liver; a phospholipid that is a major structural component of cell walls and cellular membranes throughout the body; intimately involved in a wide range of neurological activities including the functions of movement, coordination and stimulation of muscle contraction; plays a critical role in the higher level cerebrocorticol functions of intellect, memory and thoughts; choline is converted to betaine, then functions in transmethylation reactions (methyl donor) in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins; a fat emulsifying (lipotropic) agent, it is involved in the metabolism and regulation of fats and cholesterol; structurally, choline contains three methyl groups which enable it to serve as a methyl donor in many important biochemical pathways; needed for the proper function of the gallbladder, kidneys and liver; contributes to energy metabolism; and is essential for the health of the myelin sheath (the protective coating of the nervous system).

A choline deficiency could be a contributing cause of abnormal platelet aggregation, alcoholism, panic/anxiety attacks, liver disease, memory loss, heart disease (along with B-vitamin deficiencies), and tardive dyskinesia.

Dietary sources richest in choline (per serving) include brain and organ meats, egg yolk, lecithin, legumes (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans), lettuce, liver, nutritional supplements, peanut, potato, soy products and wheat germ.

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